Disentangling Cro-Magnon: The pedal remains

The seventeen human pedal remains from Cro-Magnon (2 tali, 7 subtalar tarsals, metatarsals, and a proximal phalanx) can be grouped into three individual sets of bones, based on articular congruence, symmetry, size, pathology. They correspond to the previously identified (Thibeault Villotte, J. Arch. Sci. Rep. 21, 76–86, 2018) Alpha (Cro-Magnon 1), Beta Gamma postcranial individuals. are average size for Mid Upper Paleolithic, whereas talus is relatively small. length proportions similar other Late Pleistocene recent humans, including foot femur length. tarsal articulations unexceptional notable only evidence habitual talocrural dorsiflexion, as indicated by distal trochlear extensions, squatting facet large sulcus tali facets. first metatarsophalangeal indicate normal hallucal orientation. metatarsals 4 5 phalanx pathological alterations provide further 1 systemic abnormalities.